NARRATIVE REVIEW: POTENSI PEMBERIAN DADIH PADA IBU HAMIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30606/jmn.v13i2A.4130Keywords:
Kehamilan, Dadih, Pangan Tradisional, ProbiotikAbstract
Kehamilan merupakan fase kritis yang memerlukan dukungan nutrisi optimal, sementara perubahan mikrobiota dan adaptasi imun maternal dapat memengaruhi kesehatan ibu serta janin. Di Indonesia, pemanfaatan pangan fermentasi lokal sebagai sumber mikroba hidup masih terbatas dalam praktik kebidanan, meskipun berpotensi lebih terjangkau dan selaras dengan budaya konsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi pemberian dadih, pangan fermentasi tradisional berbahan susu kerbau pada ibu hamil sebagai sumber probiotik alami. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan dengan Narrative Literature Review (NLR). Penelusuran dilakukan pada artikel ilmiah dan sumber akademik terkini yang membahas dadih, bakteri asam laktat, pangan fermentasi, probiotik, serta kesehatan maternal. Literatur terpilih disintesis secara naratif untuk memetakan karakteristik mikrobiologis dadih, rasional mekanisme probiotik, relevansi terhadap fisiologi kehamilan, dan isu keamanan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dadih umumnya didominasi bakteri asam laktat dan dapat mengandung mikroba dengan sifat yang mendukung viabilitas saat melewati saluran cerna serta interaksi sementara dengan inang. Secara konseptual, mikroba dan metabolit pangan fermentasi berpotensi berkontribusi pada stabilitas mikrobiota dan modulasi respons imun, yang relevan pada kehamilan. Temuan juga mengindikasikan bahwa riset probiotik pada kehamilan masih banyak berfokus pada suplemen komersial, sehingga dadih menawarkan peluang translasi intervensi berbasis pangan tradisional dan lokal. Namun, variasi fermentasi spontan menuntut standardisasi proses, karakterisasi strain, dan pengujian mutu untuk menjamin keamanan. Kesimpulan menegaskan bahwa dadih berpotensi menjadi alternatif intervensi nutrisi berbasis pangan lokal untuk mendukung kesehatan ibu hamil. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan melalui studi observasional dan uji klinis untuk menilai keamanan, menentukan dosis, mengevaluasi efektivitas, serta menyusun pedoman konsumsi berbasis bukti.
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