For authors

• AI systems may not be listed as authors because they cannot accept responsibility, approve publication, or manage competing interests.
• Meaningful use of generative or AI-assisted tools in drafting, analysis, coding, images, or other research tasks must be disclosed with the tool, purpose, and human verification described.
• Language or grammar assistance does not transfer responsibility from the authors. Authors must verify accuracy, citations, originality, and confidentiality.
• AI must not be used to fabricate data, images, results, references, participants, or approvals.

For reviewers and editors

• Unpublished manuscripts, review reports, and confidential editorial information must not be uploaded to external AI services that cannot guarantee appropriate confidentiality and data protection.
• AI output must not replace independent expert judgment or the editor's responsibility for a decision.
• Any material AI assistance used in editorial work should be limited, reviewed by a person, and disclosed when it materially affects the process.

Responsibility and correction

Failure to disclose material AI use or the inclusion of inaccurate, fabricated, or uncredited AI-generated content may lead to revision requests, rejection, or action under the journal's corrections and retractions policy.